Production: X-ray is produced under the action of incident electron that excites an electron in inner orbit if target atom.
How is is different for light? Both are electromagnetic wave but X-ray has short wavelengths ranging from 0.001 Angstrom to 100 Angstrom. X rays are also more energetic than visible light and can penetrate through numbers of different substances which are generally opaque in visible spectrum.
X-ray as medical tool: X-ray is used in medicine due to its penetrating nature. It passes through flesh/skin but is block by bones, making it great tool for studying skeletal system. This is possible because of high absorption capacity of Calcium and Phosphorus present in bone.
Barium sulfate solution to check internal organs: Heavy atoms absorbs more x-rays so it becomes easier to detect obstacles like stone.
Reason to use Tungsten in Coolidge tube: 1. Its has high melting point and doesn’t melt when collided with high incident electron beam. 2. Its has high atomic number so X-ray produced is of high energy 3. The energy levels inside the target atom must consist of energy transition levels that lie in range of X-rays.
Hard X-ray are one with high penetration power and are with wavelength of 0.01 to 1.5 Angstrom.
Soft X-ray are one with little penetration power and with wavelength range of 1.5 to 100 Angstrom.
