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	<title>Electronics | Physics and Universe</title>
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		<title>De Morgan&#8217;s Theorem</title>
		<link>https://physicsanduniverse.com/de-morgans-theorem/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Physics And Universe]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 03:58:38 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Electronics]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://physicsanduniverse.com/?p=10850</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The two De Morgan theorem can be stated as below To verify this theorem let&#8217;s construct a truth table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>The two De Morgan theorem can be stated as below</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>The complement of sum of the variables is equal to the product of complement of variables. <img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%2BB%7D+%3D+%5Coverline%7BA%7D.%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A+B} = &#92;overline{A}.&#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></li>



<li>The complement of product of the variables is equal to the sum of the complement of variables. <img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA.B%7D+%3D+%5Coverline%7BA%7D+%2B+%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A.B} = &#92;overline{A} + &#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></li>
</ol>



<p>To verify this theorem let&#8217;s construct a truth table</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%2BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A+B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%2BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A+B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%7D.%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A}.&#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA.B%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A.B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA.B%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A.B} " class="latex" /></td><td><img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%7D+%2B+%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A} + &#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>If we compare column 4 and 7, they are identical proving first law stating  <img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA%2BB%7D+%3D+%5Coverline%7BA%7D.%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A+B} = &#92;overline{A}.&#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></p>



<p>If we compare column 9 and 10, they are identical proving second law stating <img decoding="async" src="https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverline%7BA.B%7D+%3D+%5Coverline%7BA%7D+%2B+%5Coverline%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002" alt="&#92;overline{A.B} = &#92;overline{A} + &#92;overline{B} " class="latex" /></p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">10850</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Oscillator</title>
		<link>https://physicsanduniverse.com/oscillator/</link>
					<comments>https://physicsanduniverse.com/oscillator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Physics And Universe]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2022 02:51:42 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Electronics]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://physicsanduniverse.com/?p=9085</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal (sine wave or square wave). Some examples of signal generated by oscillators includes signal broadcast by radio and TV transmissions, clock signals and sound produced by electronic beeper and video games. Phase shift oscillator An oscillator circuit which uses RC network as a combination [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>Oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal (sine wave or square wave). Some examples of signal generated by oscillators includes signal broadcast by radio and TV transmissions, clock signals and sound produced by electronic beeper and video games.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Phase shift oscillator</h2>



<p>An oscillator circuit which uses RC network as a combination of resistors and capacitors for its frequency selective parts is called RC oscillator. Phase shift oscillator is an electronic oscillator which has inverting amplifier and a feedback filter which shifts the phase of the amplifier output by 180 degree at the oscillation frequency.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Oscillators converts DC signals into AC signal.</li><li>Oscillator generates pulse type output along with square, saw-tooth and sine wave.</li></ul>
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